Explain in brief EDVAC, ENIAC OR Write note on EDVAC, ENIAC.

EDVAC, the first modern stored program computer to be designed, used a central control unit that only interpreted four instructions. All ofthe arithmetic-related instructions were passed on to its arithmetic unit and further decoded there. ENIAC consumed an estimated 174 kW. By comparison, a typical personal computer may use around 400 W;over four hundred times less. ENIAC were able to process between 5and 100 operations per second A modern "commodity" microprocessor (as of 2007 )can process billions of operations per second. and many of these operations are more complicated and useful than early computer operations.

Define the programming tehchnique ?

Computer program, a set of instructions in a programming language, intended to be executed on a computer to perform a task. the term usually implies a self -contained entity, as opposed to a routine or a library.

Program, in computer science, synonymous with software: a sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer. The term can refer to the original source code or to the executable(machine language) version. The term program implies a degree of completeness; that is a source code program comprises all statements and files necessary for complete interpretation or compilation , and executable program can be loaded into a given environment and executed independently of other programs.

Source code, in computer science, human readable program statements written in the high level or assembly language, as opposed to object code, which is derived from the source code and designed to be machine readable.

Object code,in computer science. the code, generated by a compiler or an assembler, that was translated from the source code of program. The term most commonly refers to machine code that can be directly executed by the system's central processing unit (CPU) but it can also be assembly language source code or variation of machine code Pre-programming tools available as follows:

Algorithm:

Algorithm, in mathematics. method of solving a problem by repeatedly using a simpler computational method. A basic example is the process of long division in arithmetic. The term algorithm is now applied to many kinds of problem solving that employ a mechanical sequence of steps, as in setting up computer program. The sequence may be displayed in the form of a flowchart in order to make it easier to follow. 

As with algorithms used in arithmetic, algorithms for computers can range from the simple to the highly complex. In all cases. however. the task that the algorithm is to accomplish must be definable. The definition may involve mathematical or logic terms or a compilation of data or written instructions. In terms of ordinary computer usage, this means that algorithms must be programmable, even if the tasks themselves turn out to have no solution. In computational devices with a built-in microcomputer logic, this logic is a form of algorithm. As computers increase in complexity more and more software algorithms are taking the form of what is called hard software. That is, they are increasingly becoming part of the basic circuitry of computers or are easily attached adjuncts, as well as standing alone in special devices such as payroll machines. Many different applications algorithms are now available, and highly advanced systems such as artificial intelligence algorithms may become common in the future.

Flow chart:

Flow chart sequential diagram employed in many fields to show the step-by-step procedures used in performing a task. as in manufacturing, or solving a problem. as in an algorithm. Flowcharts are commonly used in the designing of computer programs.